Emissions

Technology group Wärtsilä’s focus on supporting the marine industry’s efforts to decarbonise operations continues to drive concrete steps forward. The latest order is to supply a complete propulsion package for a 38,000 DWT methanol-ready cement carrier vessel. When built, this will be the world’s largest vessel of its type, and the first with a methanol-ready notation. The order has been placed by NovaAlgoma, a joint venture between the Italian Swiss-based, Nova Marine Group and the Canadian Algoma Central Corporation. The ship is being built at the Zhejiang Xinle Shipbuilding Co., Ltd, and is expected to be launched in late 2026. The order was booked by Wärtsilä in Q4 2024. Group’s fleet development strategy The latest order is to supply a propulsion package for a 38,000 DWT methanol-ready cement carrier vessel “This highly valuable new entry demonstrates the Group’s fleet development strategy and aims to address the significant increase in cement demand,” says Vincenzo Romeo, CEO of Nova Marine Group. “This will be the largest and most eco-friendly cement carrier ever built and is a tangible sign of our strong efforts towards a green fleet. Having Wärtsilä as the technology and solution provider supports our fleet’s effective transition towards decarbonisation.” Wärtsilä scope of supply The Wärtsilä scope of supply includes two Wärtsilä 32 engines, one Wärtsilä 25 auxiliary engine, two gearboxes, two controllable pitch propellers, one tunnel thruster, three selective catalytic reduction (SCR) exhaust after-treatment systems, the propulsion control system, two shaft generators (PTO/PTI) and engine accessory items. The equipment is scheduled for delivery commencing in November 2025. "Nova and Wärtsilä share a joint commitment to decarbonise shipping operations within the maritime industry,” comments Roger Holm, President of Wärtsilä Marine & Executive Vice President at Wärtsilä Corporation. Operation of innovative vessel The Wärtsilä 32 engine is the result of the company’s long-established expertise Holm added: “With this integrated package, we are taking a holistic approach to the operation of this innovative vessel. This will allow us to support Nova with its sustainability goals around minimising emissions and ensuring the most efficient energy utilisation during operations.” The Wärtsilä 32 engine is the result of the company’s long-established expertise. It is designed for efficient and easy maintenance in combination with long maintenance-free operating periods. It’s excellent fuel flexibility means it can easily be upgraded to operate with methanol. Wärtsilä’s propulsion solutions The Wärtsilä 25 engine’s modularity then offers maximised flexibility, while the engine’s efficiency and fuel economy deliver minimised emissions. In addition, Wärtsilä’s propulsion solutions deliver high efficiency, helping vessels to achieve their compliance targets.  This is achieved in combination with a gearbox that reduces propeller speed meaning that a larger propeller diameter is utilised to maximise propulsive efficiency.

DNV has released a competence standard (ST) for methanol and a recommended practice (RP) for ammonia, to enable crew and shipowners to tackle the safety risks and challenges posed by the introduction of new alternative fuels and technologies through shipping’s decarbonisation. While new fuels and technologies are key to achieving maritime decarbonisation, their adoption necessitates robust safety and competence frameworks. DNV’s Insights platform The number of vessels typed with alternative-fuelled power is growing, with 27 ammonia vessels According to DNV’s Alternative Fuels Insights platform, the number of vessels ordered with alternative-fuelled capability is growing, with 27 ammonia and 322 methanol-fuelled vessels currently on the orderbooks.  To ensure safe operations as these vessels enter service, it is essential that the shipboard crew has the right knowledge and skills and adhere to updated processes and procedures. New fuels and technologies Knut Ørbeck-Nilssen, CEO DNV Maritime said: “Embracing new fuels and technologies is essential to achieving our decarbonisation goals, but these advancements introduce new risks, adding complexity to an already challenging operating environment." "To obtain a safe, timely, and impactful maritime transformation, we need to ensure safe operations by supporting both our seafarers and onshore personnel. Competence development is crucial for managing the transition safely and avoiding a safety gap that could put crew, assets, the environment, and our decarbonisation efforts at risk.” Shipboard crew on vessels The DNV-ST-0687 “Competence related to the use of methanol as fuel” published in October The DNV-ST-0687 “Competence related to the use of methanol as fuel” published in October, and the DNV-RP-0699 “Competence related to the use of ammonia as fuel,” published in December, apply to shipboard crew on vessels using methanol or ammonia as fuel. They clearly outline the expected competencies for using these fuels onboard, enabling the assessment and verification of an individual's knowledge and skills to ensure they can operate and maintain systems and equipment safely. Needs for the shipboard crew Kirsten Birgitte Strømsnes, Business Development Pioneer in DNV Maritime Advisory said: “Introducing methanol or ammonia as fuel onboard vessels will impact personnel ashore, the shipboard crew and the shipowner’s organisation. It is critical that the crew can recognise risks and operate systems safely and the organisation needs to accommodate for this through, i.e., safety management system and other organisational means." “DNV’s Methanol ST and Ammonia RP can provide the shipowner with an overview of competence needs for the shipboard crew, and assist in defining training needs, crew planning and input to manuals." Verification of learning programs Strømsnes added: "The purpose of these documents is to be used by shipowners for onboard familiarisation and competence management, by maritime academies and training institutions to develop curricula and courses and by third parties, as a reference document, for certification or verification of learning programs and competence assessments in examinations.” DNV collaborated with OSM Thome and Northern Marine when developing the ST and Amon Maritime, Azane Fuel solutions, Yara Clean Ammonia, Wärtsilä, Kongsberg Maritime and Bernhard Schulte Shipmanagement/Ula Ship Management when developing the ammonia RP.

ABS has awarded Hanwha Ocean Approval in Principle (AIP) for its Pre-FEED Standard FPSO Design intended to create an asset optimised for deployment in the deep waters of West Africa. The FPSO design is 340 m long and capable of storing approximately 2.38 million barrels of crude oil, with a daily crude oil production capacity of 190,000 barrels. Developed to accommodate topsides for crude oil and or gas production facilities, the hull is designed to operate for up to 20 years without the need for dry docking. Advanced digital solutions All kit has been electrified to reduce operational costs throughout unit’s lifecycle To address the recent tightening of environmental regulations, the FPSO is set to incorporate technologies such as zero-flaring, GHG monitoring, and an energy management system.  All equipment has been electrified to reduce operational costs throughout the unit’s lifecycle. Additionally, advanced digital solutions, including cybersecurity, digital twin, and predictive maintenance, have been integrated. Technological innovation and product development “ABS is a world pioneer in FPSO classification and we are proud to be able to use this experience to support Hanwha Ocean with their innovative, flexible approach,” said Matt Tremblay, ABS Vice President, Global Offshore. Hanwha Ocean Engineering Manager of Standard FPSO Project and Company officials of Hanwha Ocean Co., Ltd said: “We anticipate continued growth in demand for offshore plants, particularly in West Africa and South America. We will continue to strengthen our global competitiveness through continuous technological innovation and product development.”

Guy Hindley has been appointed as the new Chairman of the Baltic Exchange Council, with effect from 1 January 2025, following the leadership of Lord Jeffrey Mountevans who has held the position for the past two years. Guy Hindley, who has served on the Baltic Exchange Council since January 2019, has a long and distinguished career in the maritime sector, including his role as Managing Partner of Dry Cargo division at Howe Robinson, where he has been a key figure since for nearly four decades.  Baltic Exchange's mission Hindley's role at Howe Robinson has been handling processes and contributing to the group position Hindley leadership role at Howe Robinson includes overseeing operations and contributing to the company's position in the global shipping market. His deep-rooted experience in maritime and shipbroking is set to support the Baltic Exchange's mission to advance shipping standards and services globally.  Mark Jackson, Chief Executive of the Baltic Exchange, said, "I would like to extend my sincere thanks to Lord Mountevans for his leadership as Chairman since 2023, and we look forward to working closely with Guy Hindley as he takes on his new role. His vast experience and strategic insight into the maritime world will greatly benefit the Baltic Exchange and its members in the years ahead," Mark said. Strategy for membership services In his own statement, Guy Hindley noted, “Baltic Exchange has always been at the heart of the global maritime community. I look forward to working closely with its members to ensure that Baltic Exchange continues to lead the way in providing trusted data and services that support the maritime industry during this critical time of transformation.”  The Baltic Exchange Council is the organisation’s governing body that sets its strategy for membership services, social responsibility and charities, as well as relationships with members, government, regulatory bodies and the wider shipping industry.

Ulstein Verft is pleased to welcome BS Offshore back at the shipyard. This will be their first ULSTEIN SX222 CSOV. The hull arrival marks a significant milestone in constructing this state-of-the-art vessel, designed to support the growing offshore wind industry.  The SX222 design, known for its superior operational performance and seakeeping abilities, will ensure the vessel meets the highest efficiency and safety standards. New innovative offshore vessels The vessel is now positioned in the dock hall, where she will be secured and lighting installed “What was just a signature on a piece of paper a few months ago is now taking shape,” said Matthias Müller, Managing Director of BS Offshore. “We are looking forward to our new innovative offshore vessels and have great expectations in their reliability, operability, and sustainability.” The vessel is now positioned in the dock hall, where she will be secured and lighting installed. She will then undergo comprehensive outfitting, including installing electrical and mechanical systems, piping, accommodation, and system integration. Next phase of newbuild project The hull was constructed at the Crist yard in Poland, and various Ulstein companies, including Ulstein Design & Solutions AS, Ulstein Poland, and Ulstein Verft, have carried out all the design and engineering.  “We are excited to welcome the hull and move into the next phase of this newbuild project," said Martinus Warholm, project manager at Ulstein Verft. Latest maritime innovations The vessel features a diesel-electric propulsion system with notable battery energy storage Warholm added: “The first vessel based on this design was delivered in the summer of 2024 and has proven record-low fuel consumption whilst on dynamic positioning. BS Offshore will receive a vessel representing the latest maritime innovations and will play a crucial role in supporting offshore wind operations.” The SX222 CSOV is equipped with cutting-edge technology, including a 3D-compensated crane and a Walk-to-Work gangway, ensuring safe and efficient personnel and cargo transfer to offshore wind turbine facilities. The vessel also features a diesel-electric propulsion system with substantial battery energy storage, significantly reducing its environmental footprint, and is prepared for methanol as fuel. Key step towards vessel’s completion The arrival of the hull is a key step towards the vessel’s completion, with final outfitting, commissioning, and testing to follow. The vessel is expected to be delivered in the summer of 2025, ready to support the offshore wind sector with modern, high-comfort accommodation for up to 132 crew and clients. BS Offshore has previously built three offshore wind service vessels at Ulstein Verft. Yno 320 and the sister vessel, Yno 321, will be their first with the TWIN X-STERN.

ABS Wavesight™, the ABS-affiliated Software-as-a-Service company, is pleased to announce that UNI-FLEET SDN BHD, a specialised shipping company operating tanker vessels primarily focused on the transportation of ammonia across Asia, has chosen to implement Nautical Systems (NS) Maintenance Manager and Purchasing Manager modules to revolutionise their maintenance and inventory processes. Integration of NS Maintenance “We’re excited for the opportunity to support UNI-FLEET with Nautical Systems,” said Staci Satterwhite, CEO at ABS Wavesight. “The integration of NS Maintenance Manager and NS Purchasing Manager will equip UNI-FLEET with the tools they need to automate maintenance processes, manage inventory efficiently and drive operational excellence.” NS Maintenance and NS Purchasing Manager  NS Maintenance provides UNI-FLEET with a strong, integrated database that brings critical maintenance NS Maintenance Manager will provide UNI-FLEET with a powerful, integrated database that brings together critical maintenance and purchasing information to streamline scheduling, tracking and forecasting, helping to reduce costs and increase uptime. NS Purchasing Manager will assist UNI-FLEET in revolutionising procurement and inventory control activities by facilitating competitive bidding, contracting and inventory tracking and connecting these activities back to their maintenance operations. Implementation of ABS Nautical solutions  “The implementation of ABS Wavesight’s Nautical Systems solutions marks a significant step forward for our organisation in enhancing our maintenance and procurement operations,” said Mohd Iylia Tan, General Manager at UNI-FLEET SDN BHD. “We are confident that this technology will streamline our processes and strengthen our operational efficiency.”

Maritime communications came a long way before they could deliver the first Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS). Still, it is fair to say that their forward march has only accelerated in the two-and-a-half decades since. Today, shipping companies rely on satellite connectivity to protect their vessels and people and enable the digitalisation, decarbonisation, and crew-welfare initiatives on which its successes rely.  Low-Earth orbit (LEO) networks Against this background, the new generation of low-Earth orbit (LEO) networks has entered the maritime market to great fanfare and expectation from ship owners, and their excitement is justified: LEO satellite coverage has the potential to span the globe, providing exceptional reliability and speed even during long voyages in the most remote locations. This facilitates real-time communication and efficient coordination between vessels and onshore personnel, ultimately supporting more profitable and sustainable fleet operations. Level of connectivity Moral obligations and regulatory requirements aside, providing high-quality crew internet LEO’s introduction into the maritime sphere has been equally well received by seafarers, who stand to benefit from a level of connectivity that keeps them better connected to family and friends than ever before, and to richer entertainment options at sea. Moral obligations and regulatory requirements aside, providing high-quality crew internet represents a wise investment from a competitive standpoint, enhancing as it does an organisation’s ability to attract and retain the brightest talent.   Another advantage to seafarers and their employers, LEO connectivity offers stable onboard access to non-leisure services including mental-health support, telemedicine, and online learning resources, helping to keep a crew happy, healthy, and up to speed with the evolving requirements of their job.   Limitations  For all the benefits of LEO networks, it is important to acknowledge their limitations. For instance, LEO’s promise of delivering worldwide coverage remains to be realised, with certain countries yet to authorise its use in their territorial waters. This means that, depending on the trading route, a ship may encounter multiple LEO-coverage blackspots during its voyage. Susceptible to interference Regardless of the network type being used, vessels still need to compress and throttle data Like many satellite technologies, LEO networks are also susceptible to interference from atmospheric conditions that can disrupt communications, while network congestion at hotspots and drop-out at satellite handover may present additional connectivity challenges. Regardless of the network type being used, vessels still need to compress and throttle data on certain occasions, such as while in port, but LEO networks currently cap utilisation and therefore limit connectivity and availability further.  Crew and commercial use In addition, maritime organisations should consider whether their LEO system is for both crew and commercial use. For a vessel deploying LEO connectivity to cover crew and business communications simultaneously, even a terabyte of data is unlikely to go far.  Divided among a crew of 25, it equates to 40 gigabytes per person, enough for 13 hours of HD streaming with nothing remaining for commercial requirements.  The solution  Maritime software including critical communications-based services will need to be compatible with LEO To ensure reliable and consistent connectivity, support enhanced GMDSS communications, and meet the bandwidth needs of all stakeholders, a vessel will require multiple satellite provisions. This means that maritime software including critical communications-based services will need to be compatible with both LEO and more traditional, low-bandwidth networks and be able to switch between connections automatically to ensure uninterrupted service.   GTMailPlus GTMaritime’s GTMailPlus, for example, is compatible with all major network types, regardless of bandwidth. Developed with optimisation in the maritime environment in mind, it provides secure and efficient data transfers irrespective of the service or combination of services a shipowner or manager uses. If disruptions do occur, GTMailPlus resumes data transmission from the point of interruption.   Risk of a cybersecurity breach There have already been several reported cases of ship owners falling victim to significant cyber incidents As crew freedoms on the Internet increase and more onboard devices are connected to the network, the risk of breaches to cybersecurity is also rising dramatically: effectively, the vessel becomes a larger attack surface. There have already been several reported cases of ship owners falling victim to significant cyber incidents having adopted LEO systems without taking the necessary security precautions.  Robust, intelligent, and scalable network Given that ships transfer diverse types of data that often involve critical and sensitive information, the consequences of any breach of vessel operations, safety, and privacy can be severe. Here too, the GTMaritime portfolio is continuously evolving to ensure robust, intelligent, and scalable network protection for owners.  AI-based next-gen anti-virus technology In addition to the enhanced security features included in all GTMaritime solutions, enables a holistic approach In the latest partnership with CrowdStrike, GTMaritime’s cyber-security offering combines AI-based next-generation anti-virus technology with end-point detection and response capabilities. This, in addition to the enhanced security features included in all GTMaritime solutions, enables a holistic approach to vessel security.  Conclusion  LEO networks undoubtedly present a considerable opportunity for the maritime industry and have the power to transform connectivity at sea. However, there are several factors to consider before adopting an LEO system and regardless of advances in technology, optimised solutions for critical communications, security, and data transfer remain essential.

Demand for ammonia is being transformed by the energy transition. Until recently used as an input for fertiliser and chemical products, new markets for green and blue ammonia are emerging, replacing fossil energy in power generation, steel production and marine fuel. Today some 200m tonnes per annum of ammonia is produced worldwide with 20m tpa transported in LPG carriers. The scale of the emerging and potential demand will see these figures rise; how quickly this can be achieved will determine its take-up as a shipping fuel. New or evolving technology The interest in ammonia stems both from its ‘zero emissions’ when used as fuel and because its production isn’t dependent on biogenic carbon sources. As the global economy transitions away from fossil-based fuels, biogenic carbon – from captured CO2, electrolysis and even waste sources – will be subject to increasing competition from other consumers. Shipyards around the world are considering the advantages that operating on ammonia may provide Accordingly, owners, operators, designers, and shipyards around the world are considering the advantages that operating on ammonia may provide. However, when considering any new or evolving technology, it is important to have a clear understanding of not only the benefits, but the challenges that may be involved. Challenges of ammonia bunkering Biogenic carbon will increasingly replace fossil-based carbon in many of the products in use today in industry and consumer goods. Competition from the energy and aviation sectors will inevitably lead to increased prices but production capacity will need to come from industrial sources rather than biomass harvested for this purpose. ABS has produced a Technical and Operational Advisory on Ammonia Bunkering in response to the need for better understanding by members of the maritime industry. It is intended to provide guidance on the technical and operational challenges of ammonia bunkering, both from the bunker vessel’s perspective (or land-side source) and from the receiving vessel’s perspective. Managing emissions Particular attention needs to be paid to the potential presence of ammonia slip, N2O or NOx emissions The carbon emissions from the combustion of ammonia are associated with and dependent on the type and amount of pilot fuel used. The use of biofuel as pilot fuel may further reduce the emissions. In addition, the emissions of sulphur dioxide, heavy metals, hydrocarbons, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) drop to zero (or near zero, depending on the pilot fuel used); and particulate matters (PM) are also substantially reduced compared to conventional fossil fuels. However, particular attention needs to be paid to the potential presence of ammonia slip, N2O or NOx emissions, due to the imperfect combustion of ammonia and the use of pilot fuels. These emissions will need to be kept as low as possible by further adjustment and development of the engine technology or using an on-board exhaust gas treatment technology. Currently, hydrogen for ammonia production is typically produced by means of steam methane reforming (SMR) or autothermal reforming (ATR) of natural gas (grey ammonia). If the CO2 emissions from the process of converting natural gas are captured and stored, the ammonia is typically referred to as ‘blue’. Production of blue ammonia Moreover, the production of blue ammonia retains a dependency on fossil fuels. Therefore, ‘green ammonia’, which is produced from hydrogen made from renewable energy sources (green hydrogen), is generally considered to be the end-solution for decarbonisation which leads to a sustainable fuel cycle, while blue ammonia is seen to have an intermediate role. The potential well-to-wake GHG emissions of green ammonia are estimated to be around 91% lower than for grey ammonia, and 85% lower than HFO and MGO. The grey ammonia production network is already well established and global, ensuring easier accessibility across major ports worldwide. Infrastructure and regulation Specific requirements for ammonia bunkering are under discussion by all marine stakeholders This will help green ammonia become readily available for bunkering and distribution once sufficient production and infrastructure are in place. On the other hand, when compared with liquid hydrogen or LNG which can be stored at temperatures of −253°C and −162°C, respectively, liquid ammonia can be stored and transported at −33°C near atmospheric pressure, which allows for easier adaptation of existing fuel infrastructure on ships and at ports. While specific requirements for ammonia bunkering are under discussion by all marine stakeholders, the requirements for shipping ammonia as cargo, including loading and unloading operations, have been established in the marine industry and are covered by the IMO International Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Liquefied Gases in Bulk (IGC Code) and incorporated in the ABS Rules for Building and Classing Marine Vessels Part 5C Chapter 8 “Vessels Intended to Carry Liquefied Gases in Bulk”.  For the use of ammonia as bunker fuel, all segments of the marine industry (including IMO, Class Societies, Port Authorities, and industry agencies) are working to develop requirements and procedures specific to ammonia bunkering operations. Refer to the section “Regulatory Organisation” of this Advisory for the current activities of each marine industry segment.  Bunkering Options Ship-to-ship bunkering is the most popular mode for transferring fuel to ocean-going vessels There are three main methods of bunkering ammonia to ships. Truck-to-ship is the process of transferring ammonia from trucks or truck trailers to a receiving vessel using ammonia as fuel. Typically, the tanks on the truck are pressurised and store ammonia at ambient temperature. To increase bunker capacity and transfer rates, a manifold may be used to connect several trucks simultaneously to supply the receiving vessel. Truck-to-ship transfer operations may provide greater operational flexibility, but at the same time could induce operational restrictions and limitations by the local Authority. Ship-to-ship bunkering is the most popular mode for transferring fuel to ocean-going vessels, such as container ships, tankers, and bulk carriers, which require large fuel capacities and greater quantities of fuel to be bunkered. Terminal-to-ship bunkering transfers ammonia from an ammonia storage terminal pipeline connected to receiving vessels via a hose assembly or loading arm. Ammonia Safety Ammonia is toxic and reacts violently and explosively with oxidising gases such as chlorine, bromine, acids, and other halogens. When ammonia is inhaled, swallowed or absorbed via skin contact, it reacts with water in the body, producing ammonium hydroxide. Due to these toxicity issues, ammonia is classified as a hazardous substance, with the level and time of exposure being controlled by several national standards.  The level of competency needed for each task depends on the role and duties of the individual A combination of both training and operational experience is key to developing the required competencies for ammonia bunkering operations. The level of competency needed for each task depends on the role and responsibilities of the individual. Therefore, the training may vary from person to person. Seafarers on board ships using ammonia fuel should have completed training to attain the abilities that are appropriate to the capacity to be filled, and duties and responsibilities to be taken up. The master, officers, ratings and other personnel on ships using ammonia fuel should be trained and qualified in accordance with regulation V/3 of the STCW Convention and section A-V/3 of the STCW Code, taking into account the specific hazards of ammonia used as fuel. Ship-specific training  Ship-specific training is to be reviewed and approved by governing regulatory authorities. The IGF Code provides detailed training requirements for ships that use gases or other low-flashpoint fuels. Ships under the jurisdiction of flag administrations signatory to SOLAS should ensure that seafarers should have the specified certificates of proficiency and the administration shall approve courses and issue endorsements indicating completion of the qualification. All crew must be provided with and be made aware of the emergency procedures and must be trained in any roles and responsibilities they may have. Training, drills and exercises to prepare crews for emergencies are to be provided. Lessons learned from past operations should be incorporated to improve emergency procedures. Procedures should cover all scenarios specific to the ship, type of incident, equipment, and associated areas.

Global transportation networks are becoming increasingly interconnected, with digital systems playing a crucial role in ensuring the smooth operation of ports and supply chains. However, this reliance on technology can also create vulnerabilities, as demonstrated by the recent ransomware attack on Nagoya Port. As Japan's busiest shipping hub, the port's operations were brought to a standstill for two days, highlighting the potential for significant disruption to national economies and supply chains.  Transportation sector  The attack began with the port's legacy computer system, which handles shipping containers, being knocked offline. This forced the port to halt the handling of shipping containers that arrived at the terminal, effectively disrupting the flow of goods. The incident was a stark reminder of the risks associated with the convergence of information technology (IT) and operational technology (OT) in ports and other critical infrastructures.  This is not an isolated incident, but part of a broader trend of escalating cyber threats targeting critical infrastructure. The transportation sector must respond by bolstering its defences, enhancing its cyber resilience, and proactively countering these threats. The safety and efficiency of our transportation infrastructure, and by extension our global economy, depend on it.  Rising threat to port security and supply chains  XIoT, from sensors on shipping containers to automatic cranes, are vital to trendy port functions OT, once isolated from networked systems, is now increasingly interconnected. This integration has expanded the attack surface for threat actors. A single breach in a port's OT systems can cause significant disruption, halting the movement of containers and impacting the flow of goods. This is not a hypothetical scenario, but a reality that has been demonstrated in recent cyberattacks on major ports.  Adding another layer of complexity is the extended Internet of Things (XIoT), an umbrella term for all cyber-physical systems. XIoT devices, from sensors on shipping containers to automated cranes, are now integral to modern port operations. These devices are delivering safer, more efficient automated vehicles, facilitating geo-fencing for improved logistics, and providing vehicle health data for predictive maintenance. XIoT ecosystem  However, the XIoT ecosystem also presents new cybersecurity risks. Each connected device is a potential entry point for cybercriminals, and the interconnected nature of these devices means that an attack on one, which can move laterally and can have a ripple effect throughout the system.  The threat landscape is evolving, with cybercriminals becoming more sophisticated and their attacks more damaging with a business continuity focus. The growing interconnectivity between OT and XIoT in port operations and supply chains is also presenting these threat actors with a greater attack surface. Many older OT systems were never designed to be connected in this way and are unlikely to be equipped to deal with modern cyber threats. Furthermore, the increasing digitisation of ports and supply chains has led to a surge in the volume of data being generated and processed. This data, if not properly secured, can be a goldmine for cybercriminals. The potential for data breaches adds another dimension to the cybersecurity challenges facing the transportation sector.  Role of cyber resilience in protecting service availability  Cyber resilience refers to organisation's ability to prepare for, respond to, and recover from threats As the threats to port security and supply chains become increasingly complex, the concept of cyber resilience takes on a new level of importance. Cyber resilience refers to an organisation's ability to prepare for, respond to, and recover from cyber threats. It goes beyond traditional cybersecurity measures, focusing not just on preventing attacks, but also on minimising the impact of attacks that do occur and ensuring a quick recovery.  In the context of port operations and supply chains, cyber resilience is crucial. The interconnected nature of these systems means that a cyberattack can have far-reaching effects, disrupting operations not just at the targeted port, but also at other ports and throughout the supply chain. A resilient system is one that can withstand such an attack and quickly restore normal operations. Port operations and supply chains The growing reliance on OT and the XIoT in port operations and supply chains presents unique challenges for cyber resilience. OT systems control physical processes and are often critical to safety and service availability. A breach in an OT system can have immediate and potentially catastrophic physical consequences. Similarly, XIoT devices are often embedded in critical infrastructure and can be difficult to patch or update, making them vulnerable to attacks.  Building cyber resilience in these systems requires a multi-faceted approach. It involves implementing robust security measures, such as strong access controls and network segmentation, to prevent attacks. It also involves continuous monitoring and detection to identify and respond to threats as they occur. But perhaps most importantly, it involves planning and preparation for the inevitable breaches that will occur, ensuring that when they do, the impact is minimised, and normal operations can be quickly restored.  Building resilience across port security and supply chains   In the face of cyber threats, the transport sector must adopt a complete method of cybersecurity In the face of escalating cyber threats, the transportation sector must adopt a comprehensive approach to cybersecurity. This involves not just implementing robust security measures, but also fostering a culture of cybersecurity awareness and compliance throughout the organisation.  A key component of a comprehensive cybersecurity strategy is strong access controls. This involves ensuring that only authorised individuals have access to sensitive data and systems. It also involves implementing multi-factor authentication and regularly reviewing and updating access permissions. Strong access controls can prevent unauthorised access to systems and data, reducing the risk of both internal and external threats. Network segmentation Network segmentation is another crucial measure. By dividing a network into separate segments, organisations can limit the spread of a cyberattack within their network. This can prevent an attack on one part of the network from affecting the entire system. Network segmentation also makes it easier to monitor and control the flow of data within the network, further enhancing security.  Regular vulnerability assessments and patch management are also essential. Vulnerability assessments involve identifying and evaluating potential security weaknesses in the system, while patch management involves regularly updating and patching software to fix these vulnerabilities. These measures can help organisations stay ahead of cybercriminals and reduce the risk of exploitation.  EU’s NIS2 Directive EU’s NIS2 Directive came into effect, and member states have until October 2024 to put it into law The transportation sector must also be prepared for greater legislative responsibility in the near future. The EU’s NIS2 Directive recently came into effect, and member states have until October 2024 to put it into law. The Directive aims to increase the overall level of cyber preparedness by mandating capabilities such as Computer Security Incident Response Teams (CSIRTs). Transport is among the sectors labelled as essential by the bill, meaning it will face a high level of scrutiny. Getting to grips with the complexities of XIoT and OT integration will be essential for organisations to achieve compliance and avoid fines. Global transportation infrastructure Finally, organisations must prepare for the inevitable breaches that will occur. This involves developing an incident response plan that outlines the steps to be taken in the event of a breach. It also involves regularly testing and updating this plan to ensure its effectiveness. A well-prepared organisation can respond quickly and effectively to a breach, minimising its impact and ensuring a quick recovery.  In conclusion, mastering transportation cybersecurity requires a comprehensive, proactive approach. It involves implementing robust technical measures, fostering a culture of cybersecurity awareness, and preparing for the inevitable breaches that will occur. By taking these steps, organisations can enhance their cyber resilience, protect their critical operations, and ensure the security of our global transportation infrastructure.

Trusted by more than 3,000 ships worldwide, NAPA’s Safety Solution software has promoted ship safety and operational efficiency for 35 years, working closely with customers. NAPA's solutions aim to positively impact the maritime industry by simplifying and streamlining onboard and shoreside operations through digitalisation, reducing errors and workload for seafarers, enhancing safety, and enabling more sustainable decision-making.  Paper-based system challenges “Historically, the maritime market has relied heavily on paperwork for various processes, including log-keeping, work permits, and regulatory reporting,” says Tommi Vihavainen, NAPA's Director of Development at Safety Solutions. “This reliance on paper-based systems led to numerous challenges, such as time-consuming administrative tasks, increased risk of errors, difficulty in data aggregation and sharing, and limited visibility for shoreside teams.”  Software and data services NAPA's software for ship design is used by over 90% of new vessels built by NAPA's customers NAPA provides software and data services for ship design and operations to enable a safer, more sustainable, and future-proof maritime industry. NAPA's software for ship design is used by over 90% of new vessels built by NAPA's customers and is considered the global de facto standard in shipbuilding.   NAPA's product line On the ship operations side, NAPA's product line includes NAPA Stability next-gen loading computer; NAPA Emergency Computer to provide clarity on ship vulnerability in critical moments; NAPA Permit to Work, which digitalises work permits and approval; and NAPA Fleet Intelligence, a cloud-based platform to enable shoreside teams to handle fleet safety, compliance, and optimisation. NAPA Logbook (along with the NAPA Status Board and Checklists) helps make electronic record-keeping, reporting, and compliance easy and error-free.   Digitisation “Digitisation has transformed the management of information and data onboard vessels by automating tasks, standardising formats, and enabling real-time data sharing between ship and shore,” adds Vihavainen. “This has led to significant improvements in efficiency, safety, and compliance.”  Efficiency, safety, and compliance Cloud-based platforms enable centralised data collection, allowing shoreside teams to monitor vessel operations For example, electronic logbooks automate data entry, reduce errors, and facilitate easy regulatory compliance. Digital work permit systems streamline approval processes, enhance communication, and provide real-time visibility into ongoing work, improving safety and inter-department coordination.  Cloud-based platforms enable centralised data collection, allowing shoreside teams to monitor vessel operations and performance, identify trends, and make informed decisions for optimised operations.  Proactive approach to safety at sea  Digital ship stability systems, like NAPA Stability, can enable a proactive approach to safety at sea by providing real-time monitoring and analysis of a ship's stability parameters – for both intact and damaged stability. They integrate with a 3D model of the ship, known as a digital twin, which is based on data and models used during the ship design process. “These systems continuously monitor stability data, such as the vessel's metacentric height, and provide alerts if any IMO-set stability and loading criteria are unmet,” says Vihavainen. Real-time awareness “This real-time awareness allows for early detection of potential risks and facilitates timely corrective actions to maintain stability and ship safety in all conditions." Additionally, these systems can simulate different scenarios and provide decision support to the crew and shoreside teams in case of emergencies, such as grounding or damage to the hull, allowing for a more informed and proactive response.  Cloud-based monitoring unlocks  By analysing this data, shoreside teams can identify trends, benchmark performance, and make decisions Cloud-based performance monitoring solutions can unlock new operational efficiencies in the maritime market by providing insights in real-time, as well as collecting historical data for later analysis. NAPA’s onboard solutions, for example, can collect data from various sources, like all logbook data, such as a deck, navigational data, stability data, engine management systems, HVAC, tank data, waste, and water management, as well as other relevant onboard sensors. By analysing this data, shoreside teams can identify trends, benchmark performance, and make data-driven decisions to optimise various aspects of operations, including fuel efficiency, waste and water management, engine performance, and so on.  Operational efficiency “The cloud-based nature of these systems enables seamless data sharing and collaboration between shipboard and shoreside teams, facilitating real-time monitoring, communication, and support,” says Vihavainen. “This accessibility to data and insights allows for more informed decision-making, proactive rectifications in operational practices, maintenance, and continuous improvement in operational efficiency.”  Supporting shipping’s transition to decarbonisation  The global maritime industry, and seafarers in particular, are grappling with new ways of working to support shipping’s decarbonisation transition. A recent survey by the International Seafarers Welfare and Assistance Network (ISWAN) revealed that 54% of seafarers reported an increase in their workloads, 44% said they are feeling higher levels of stress, and 33% fear potential criminalisation due to complex reporting requirements.   NAPA Logbook By enabling data to be exchanged between systems, teams can enhance situational awareness Digital, integrated solutions like NAPA Logbook, through NAPA Fleet Intelligence, allow teams to tackle these issues by doubling down on automation, thereby minimising errors saving time, and offering a holistic approach to data management, operational safety, and efficiency. By enabling data to be exchanged between systems, teams can enhance situational awareness and make better-informed decisions on critical operational matters and regulatory compliance, with greater speed and accuracy, as the platform also gives a centralised data overview.  Benefits Vihavainen says centralised data collection through platforms also benefits operations by:  Providing a holistic view of fleet operations: 24x7 monitoring and real-time situational awareness at a granular level - per ship, per voyage, per leg. This comprehensive overview allows for better decision-making regarding safety, efficiency, and compliance.  Facilitating data-driven insights: By analysing the collected data, operators can identify trends, benchmark performance, and implement strategies for continuous improvement.  Enabling better support from the shoreside without the need for additional communications.  Optimised Voyage Planning: By combining real-time weather data with historical performance data, operators can plan more efficient and safer routes, especially for cruise customers during the hurricane season, for instance.   Predictive Maintenance: Analysing data from various onboard systems can help predict potential equipment failures, allowing for proactive maintenance and reducing downtime.  Improving record keeping and promoting safety  NAPA Logbook is an electronic logbook solution that aims to improve record keeping, simply shipboard admin work, and promote safety onboard vessels. It is approved by over 20 major flag states and DNV and ClassNK, and it is trusted by over 12,000 users globally.  NAPA Logbook improves record-keeping and compliance by:  Automating data entry, reducing seafarer workload: The system automatically fills in data for log entries, reducing the administrative burden on the crew.  Standardising formats, reducing chances of mistakes: NAPA Logbook ensures that all log entries adhere to the required formats, minimising errors, and inconsistencies.  Simplifying reporting: The system facilitates the easy generation of reports for various regulatory requirements, such as EU-MRV, MARPOL, ESG, and CII.    Logbook integration For instance, with the new voyage reporting functionality, the NAPA Logbook reduces the administrative burden of regulatory compliance and covers the monitoring systems EU-MRV (Monitoring, Reporting and Verification), and the IMO-DCS (Data Collection System). The digital platform enables the integration of logbooks with regulatory reporting; data is automatically shared with shoreside teams, via NAPA Fleet Intelligence, as well as with the verifier, in this case, DNV Emission Connect, in near real-time. End-to-end compliance The platform goes beyond normal electronic logbook systems and can submit data for verification to DNV The platform goes beyond normal electronic logbook systems and can submit data for verification to DNV, as well as other relevant stakeholders in the supply and emissions chain, in a format that meets all requirements. This provides end-to-end compliance support, removes duplication of work, and offers invaluable time savings for the crew which would otherwise not be possible.  14% reduction Here is a case example: Anthony Veder, a gas shipping company that implemented the NAPA Logbook in 2023 reports that it has already cut 2000 administrative hours per vessel – a 14% reduction.  This time savings is not only from automated entry but also from automated reporting. With the initial success of NAPA Logbook across Anthony Veder’s fleet, the company is ramping up digitalisation to ease seafarer workload, boost morale, and reduce the margin for error. Digital tools can help reduce the administrative workload onboard and contribute to the accuracy of reporting, which is becoming increasingly important with regulations like the EU ETS and FuelEU Maritime.    Replacing paper-based work permitting  NAPA Permit to Work is a digital system that replaces the traditional paper-based work permit process for hazardous tasks onboard.  NAPA Permit to Work has been developed through close collaboration with customers, such as Carnival Cruise Line and Virgin Voyages, to ensure it meets their specific needs and safety management system guidelines. The system allows for customisation according to each operator's unique processes.  Miscommunication to mishaps Hazardous tasks are managed through a mase of manual checklists and paperwork prone to delays Traditionally, hazardous tasks are managed through a mase of manual checklists and paperwork prone to delays, oversight, and miscommunication – leading to mishaps. According to data from InterManager, 55% of accidents in the past 28 years have happened during planned work, with many incidents concentrated in high-risk areas like oil tanks and holds.  Permit-to-work process Digitising the permit-to-work process can dramatically reduce the chances of human error, potentially preventing accidents before they occur. Apart from increasing efficiency, these digital permits also help ensure every step of the process is completed correctly and provide real-time visibility of high-risk tasks for both crews onboard and shoreside teams.  This is especially important for newer seafarers, many of whom have joined the industry after the pandemic. They offer critical support for those still gaining experience, reducing the risk of accidents. Additionally, digitalising the process results in:  Streamlined work process: The digital system eliminates the need for physical forms and signatures, saving time and reducing administrative burden.  Comprehensive digital safeguards: The system acts as a checklist, ensuring that all necessary safety checks are completed before the start of any job.  Enhanced communication and coordination: The system automatically notifies relevant departments and personnel with real-time status updates of ongoing work, improving coordination and transparency.  Real-time monitoring and visibility: Both shipboard and shoreside teams have real-time visibility into ongoing work, enabling proactive safety management and faster response in case of issues.  Benefits for shoreside teams  NAPA Permit to Work provides shoreside teams with better fleet-wide visibility of ongoing work and conditions, enabling a proactive approach to safety and maintenance. This real-time data transparency allows for more efficient resource allocation, improved coordination of maintenance activities, and faster response to potential issues, ultimately leading to enhanced operational efficiency and reduced downtime.  Comprehensive digital checklist NAPA Permit to Work will act as a comprehensive digital checklist The influx of new seafarers with limited experience post-pandemic presents challenges for the maritime industry. These challenges include increased workloads, higher stress levels, and potential safety risks due to unfamiliarity with complex tasks and procedures.  Here, the NAPA Permit to Work will act as a comprehensive digital checklist to help seafarers ensure that no safety-critical steps are missed.  Virtual guide and augments The system is designed so that no digital form is accepted unless all required safety checks are completed before the start of any job, significantly reducing the risk of oversight. Post-COVID, a large proportion of crew working aboard cruise ships are on their first contract with little at-sea experience. This functionality provides a virtual guide and augments previous training, eases handovers, and minimises the margin for error.  Safety and efficiency As the maritime industry shifts toward a future marked by multi-fuel technologies and stringent environmental regulations, the operational demands placed on crews will only increase. But within this growing complexity lies an opportunity to rethink approaches to safety and efficiency. “Rather than overwhelming seafarers with more screens and systems, we need to harness digital tools and data in ways that simplify—not complicate—their work environments,” says Vihavainen. Expanding capabilities of digital tools  When harnessed properly, it can lead to much bigger and newer areas of operational efficiency It is a misconception that solutions like NAPA Logbook and NAPA Stability only help with ship safety, data recording, and compliance.  With cloud technology, the power of these digital tools extends far beyond their traditional roles, unlocking vast amounts of previously untapped data—up to 90% of ship data typically remains onboard, unutilised. This data spans everything from engine performance, and HVAC to waste, water, and tank management. When harnessed properly, it can lead to much bigger and newer areas of operational efficiency than achievable today. Real-time data sharing “By automating the collection and analysis of this data in real-time, and sharing it with shoreside teams, we also enable better ship-and-shore collaboration,” says Vihavainen. “As the complexity of modern maritime operations grows, cloud connectivity has become a critical tool in bridging the gap between onboard crews and shoreside teams.”   Proactive voyage monitoring By allowing real-time communication and data sharing, shoreside teams can provide invaluable support in areas ranging from stability management and emergency response to proactive voyage monitoring and machinery issue resolution. “This level of collaboration is reshaping how we approach safety and efficiency at sea,” says Vihavainen. “These advances are more than just technological upgrades—they are transforming the relationship between seafarers and their shoreside colleagues.”

The maritime industry is taking important steps to improve cybersecurity, catching up rapidly by introducing other industries' best practices into information technology (IT) and operational technology (OT) onboard vessels. Work remains to be done to ensure a cyber-resilient worldwide fleet of maritime operations. The way forward is through collaboration among all major stakeholders. Remote-controlled and autonomous ships In the future, the marine industry will increasingly use remote-controlled and autonomous ships and infrastructure. One can imagine multi-ship, multi-infrastructure hybrid scenarios where a software failure or a cyber-attack could result in widespread damage. “Protecting this advanced marine industry will drive the need for even higher levels of cybersecurity, reliability, and robustness of marine automation systems and software,” says Svante Einarsson, Head of Maritime Cyber Security Advisory, DNV Cyber. Cybersecurity insights CyberOwl complements DNV Cyber with advanced analytics and threat management for maritime vessels Einarsson shares additional insights into cybersecurity for the maritime industry in our recent interview. DNV expanded its cybersecurity capabilities by acquiring Applied Risk in 2021 and Nixu in 2023, forming DNV Cyber with over 500 experts. This merger enhances maritime cybersecurity by integrating IT and industrial control system security services, offering comprehensive solutions from risk assessment to incident response. CyberOwl complements DNV Cyber with advanced analytics and threat management for maritime vessels, ensuring real-time threat monitoring and support to sustain regulatory compliance. Maritimeinformed.com: What are the cybersecurity vulnerabilities in the maritime market? What are the possible consequences and/or worst-case scenarios? Einarsson: The maritime industry faces several cybersecurity vulnerabilities, including the integration of IT and OT systems, unsecured Internet of Things (IoT) devices, outdated software, weak authentication, and human factors like phishing. The consequences of breaches can be severe, such as operational disruption, data theft, ransomware attacks, cyber-physical attacks, and supply chain disruption.  A worst-case scenario includes hybrid incidents that compromise both IT and OT systems at the same time within highly trafficked areas (such as a port). Depending on the available time and alternative means, the vessel might run aground resulting in major oil spills, environmental disasters, and/or significant loss of life. These vulnerabilities and potential impacts highlight the critical need for robust cybersecurity measures in the maritime sector.  Maritimeinformed.com: What is the role of regulations when it comes to cybersecurity in the maritime market, including IMO, IACS, and critical infrastructure regulations? How do regulations drive better cybersecurity practices? The EU’s NIS2 directive enforces robust cybersecurity strategies and incident reporting Einarsson: Regulations play a crucial role in maritime cybersecurity by setting global standards and ensuring compliance. The International Maritime Organisation (IMO) mandates cyber risk management in Safety Management Systems, while the International Association of Classification Societies (IACS) requires cybersecurity integration in systems and ships throughout the lifecycle of a vessel for new builds contracted after July 1, 2024. The EU’s NIS2 directive enforces robust cybersecurity strategies and incident reporting. These regulations drive better practices by standardising frameworks, holding organisations accountable, promoting holistic risk management, enhancing transparency, and fostering continuous improvement. This comprehensive regulatory approach forces all stakeholders in the industry (yards, vendors, and ship managers) to act and work together to implement effective cyber resilience.  Maritimeinformed.com: How does greater awareness boost cybersecurity? What is the role of near misses in driving cyber awareness and investments? Einarsson: Greater awareness boosts cybersecurity by educating individuals and organisations about potential threats, leading to better prevention and response strategies. It fosters a culture of vigilance, reducing the likelihood of successful attacks. Near misses play a crucial role by highlighting vulnerabilities and demonstrating the potential impact of cyber threats without causing actual harm. These incidents drive investments in cybersecurity by showcasing the need for robust defences, and well-planned responses, and encouraging proactive measures to prevent future breaches.  Maritimeinformed.com: What are the pitfalls of over-confidence and under-preparation when it comes to cybersecurity? Einarsson: Overconfidence in cybersecurity can lead to complacency, ignoring potential threats, and underestimating attackers. For example, relying on boundary protection only, and believing that a system is impenetrable might result in neglecting regular updates and patches, leaving it vulnerable to exploits. Under-preparation, on the other hand, means inadequate de fences, response plans, and drills. An example is the 2017 Equifax breach, where failure to patch a known vulnerability led to the exposure of sensitive data of 147 million people. Both pitfalls can result in significant financial and reputational damage.  Maritimeinformed.com: What is the role of technology advancements in driving the need and awareness of cybersecurity (e.g., the impact of digitisation, decarbonisation, automation, etc.)? Digitisation and automation support decarbonisation also increase the need for cybersecurity Einarsson: Decarbonisation is one of the key shaping factors in maritime today. Technology advancements like digitisation and automation support decarbonisation but also increase the need for cybersecurity by expanding the attack surface and introducing new vulnerabilities. As industries adopt remote maintenance, IoT, artificial intelligence (AI), and other technologies, the complexity and connectivity of systems grow, making them more susceptible to cyber threats. An example is how scrubber systems with modern technologies such as remote connectivity are retrofitted onboard older vessels today, creating a new and potentially unmanaged gateway to the control systems onboard the vessel. In other words, cybersecurity enables digitisation and decarbonisation.  Maritimeinformed.com: What is the labor situation when it comes to the skillsets needed for cybersecurity excellence? Is there a shortage of expertise and how can it be addressed?  Einarsson: The cybersecurity industry faces a significant skills shortage, with a very large number of positions unfilled globally. This gap is driven by the rapid evolution of cyber threats and the increasing complexity of digital environments. To address this, organisations should adopt skills-based hiring, offer continuous training and upskilling, and create clear career paths. Attracting diverse talent and collaborating with educational institutions can also help bridge the gap. Emphasising both technical and soft skills is crucial for developing a robust cybersecurity workforce. Many times the best option is to combine different competencies of several people into an aligned team, such as superintendents with OT system and operation expertise with cybersecurity and IT fleet experts. Maritimeinformed.com: What is the emerging role of AI in cybersecurity, such as the ability to anticipate attacks before they happen?  AI-driven tools can predict and anticipate attacks by recognising early warning signs, allowing teams to address vulnerabilities Einarsson: AI can significantly enhance cybersecurity teams' effectiveness by providing advanced threat detection and predictive analytics. Machine learning algorithms analyse vast amounts of data to identify patterns and anomalies that may indicate potential cyber threats. AI-driven tools can predict and anticipate attacks by recognising early warning signs, allowing teams to address vulnerabilities proactively. Additionally, AI automates routine tasks, freeing up human experts to focus on more complex issues. Human teams can assess AI-generated results, ensuring accuracy and context, and make informed decisions. Real-time threat intelligence and automated response systems ensure quicker mitigation of incidents, ultimately strengthening the overall security posture and reducing the likelihood of successful cyber-attacks.  Maritimeinformed.com: What is the impact of geopolitics on cybersecurity? How does the geo-political situation contribute to risks? Einarsson: Geopolitics significantly impacts cybersecurity by increasing the frequency and severity of cyber-attacks. Conflicts like the Russia-Ukraine war have led to coordinated cyber and hybrid offensives, targeting critical infrastructure globally. Geopolitical tensions contribute to risks by creating an environment where state and non-state actors exploit vulnerabilities and accessible assets for espionage, sabotage, and disinformation. The most obvious related threat in the maritime domain is GPS and AIS spoofing which is very common in military active areas. Incidents have already happened where the untrained crew has had their ship impounded after being misled into foreign state waters. 

Augmented reality (AR) is making waves across various industries, and maritime is no exception. For maritime professionals, AR offers practical, real-time solutions that enhance safety, optimise operations, and improve decision-making both at sea and onshore. Whether it’s helping crews navigate complex environments, assisting in ship maintenance, or providing on-the-job training, AR’s ability to blend digital information with the physical world is proving invaluable in the fast-paced and challenging maritime environment. This article explores the benefits, applications, and potential of AR in the maritime industry.  Understanding AR and its intent  Augmented reality (AR) overlays digital content—such as data, graphics, and 3D models—onto the real-world environment, enhancing users’ perception of their surroundings. Unlike virtual reality (VR), which creates entirely simulated environments, AR supplements the real world with additional information that can be viewed through devices like smartphones, tablets, or AR glasses.  Accuracy, efficiency, and safety The core objective of AR in the maritime industry is to create a more intuitive and information-rich working environment In the maritime context, AR intends to enhance the accuracy, efficiency, and safety of various operations. By providing real-time data and visuals, AR allows maritime professionals to make better-informed decisions, whether they’re navigating a vessel through busy waters, inspecting machinery, or managing cargo in a port. The core objective of AR in the maritime industry is to create a more intuitive and information-rich working environment, reducing risks, preventing errors, and increasing operational efficiency.  AR applications in maritime operations  One of the most significant applications of AR in the maritime industry is in navigation. AR can assist ship officers by overlaying critical navigation data—such as chart information, vessel traffic, weather conditions, and obstacles—directly onto the real-time view of the sea. This helps enhance situational awareness, particularly in congested waterways or during low-visibility conditions like fog or storms. With AR, navigators can visualise information directly in their line of sight, minimising the need to shift focus between different instruments or screens.  Maintenance and repair operations Maintenance and repair operations are another area where AR has proven to be highly effective. Technicians can use AR glasses or tablets to access real-time information on ship components, including interactive 3D models, schematics, and procedural guides. This allows for faster and more accurate repairs, reducing downtime and the need for specialised training. AR can also connect remote experts with on-site technicians, enabling real-time support and troubleshooting. Training and simulation Crew members can undergo immersive training sessions where they interact with AR-enhanced environments Training and simulation are other critical areas benefiting from AR. New crew members can undergo immersive training sessions where they interact with AR-enhanced environments, practicing tasks such as emergency procedures or cargo handling in a risk-free setting. This improves skill retention and reduces the time required to get new hires up to speed. In ports, AR can assist with cargo management by displaying real-time data on container contents, destination, and status. This streamlines the loading and unloading process, reducing errors and improving overall port efficiency.  Benefits of AR for maritime stakeholders  The integration of AR technology delivers a wide array of benefits to different maritime stakeholders, from shipowners and operators to port managers and regulators. For shipowners and operators, AR enhances the safety and efficiency of vessel operations. Improved navigation capabilities lead to fewer accidents, while real-time maintenance support reduces the risk of machinery failures and extends equipment lifespan. Immersive, on-the-job learning experiences Additionally, AR can cut training costs by providing immersive, on-the-job learning experiences that don’t require expensive simulators or extended training periods. Port operators also benefit from AR technology. Enhanced cargo management, optimised logistics, and real-time tracking of goods improve turnaround times and reduce operational bottlenecks. With AR’s ability to overlay data onto physical containers or equipment, ports can achieve greater accuracy in inventory management and resource allocation.  Real-time data and augmented visuals AR can streamline the inspection process, ensuring that ships and ports meet regulatory requirements For manufacturers and engineers, AR enables the visualisation of complex equipment and components in a real-world context. This can facilitate better communication between shipbuilders, designers, and engineers, leading to more accurate construction and faster problem-solving when issues arise. Regulators and maritime authorities can use AR to improve safety inspections and compliance checks. By providing inspectors with real-time data and augmented visuals, AR can streamline the inspection process, ensuring that ships and ports meet regulatory requirements more efficiently.  Encouraging Collaboration Across the Maritime Ecosystem  One of the most exciting aspects of AR is its potential to foster collaboration among various maritime stakeholders. By connecting on-site personnel with remote experts through AR-enabled devices, maritime operators can access specialised knowledge without requiring experts to be physically present. This promotes better teamwork across geographical distances, improving problem-solving and decision-making in real-time.  Reduces downtime For example, when a ship experiences technical issues in a remote location, AR allows an engineer onshore to guide a crew member step-by-step through the repair process, using visual overlays and interactive tools to ensure accuracy. This reduces downtime and ensures that operations can continue without the need for costly or time-consuming travel.  Reduces errors By combining AR with digital twin technology, maritime professionals can access real-time digital replicas Collaboration is also enhanced in ship design and construction. AR allows shipbuilders, designers, and engineers to visualise and manipulate 3D models in a real-world environment, making it easier to collaborate on complex projects and reduce errors during the construction phase. Moreover, AR can integrate with broader industry initiatives, such as digital twins and automation. By combining AR with digital twin technology, maritime professionals can access real-time digital replicas of ships or port equipment, enabling more effective monitoring, predictive maintenance, and resource management.  Misconceptions and challenges in adopting AR  Despite its potential, some misconceptions about AR remain within the maritime industry. One common misconception is that AR is solely for high-tech, cutting-edge operations and isn’t suitable for traditional maritime businesses. However, AR technology is highly scalable, and its applications can be adapted to a wide range of maritime operations, from small vessels to large container ships and ports. Another misconception is that AR requires significant upfront investment in expensive hardware and software. Long-term savings While initial costs can be high, particularly for advanced AR glasses and devices, the long-term savings in operational efficiency, reduced training times, and improved safety often outweigh these costs. Additionally, more affordable AR solutions are emerging, making the technology accessible to a broader range of operators.  Enhance focus and reduce cognitive load AR devices could create, particularly in high-stress environments like ship navigation or cargo handling There are also concerns about the potential distraction that AR devices could create, particularly in high-stress environments like ship navigation or cargo handling. However, when implemented thoughtfully, AR is designed to enhance focus and reduce cognitive load by delivering critical information directly to the user’s line of sight, rather than requiring them to divert attention to multiple screens or devices.  Coordinating AR with Industry Initiatives and Future Trends  AR is increasingly being integrated with other technological advancements in the maritime sector, including automation, the Internet of Things (IoT), and digital twin technologies. By providing real-time insights and data visualisation, AR can help facilitate the use of autonomous ships and enhance the monitoring and management of connected maritime systems. As the industry continues to prioritise sustainability, AR can also play a role in promoting greener practices. By optimising navigation routes and improving fuel efficiency, AR can help ships reduce emissions and minimise their environmental impact. AR-enhanced training As the technology continues to evolve, its applications will expand, offering new ways to improve safety Furthermore, AR-enhanced training can focus on eco-friendly practices, reinforcing the maritime industry’s commitment to sustainability. Looking forward, AR will likely play a crucial role in the future of maritime operations. As the technology continues to evolve, its applications will expand, offering new ways to improve safety, efficiency, and collaboration across the industry.  AR navigating the challenges of the 21st century  Augmented reality is poised to become a transformative tool in the maritime industry, offering tangible benefits in safety, operational efficiency, training, and collaboration. By integrating AR technology into maritime operations, professionals can stay ahead of industry challenges, enhance decision-making, and foster greater collaboration across the global supply chain. With the right approach, AR will not only improve day-to-day operations but also help future-proof the maritime industry as it navigates the challenges of the 21st century.  {##Poll1732855978 - What area of maritime operations do you think would benefit the most from augmented reality (AR)?##}

The accuracy of AIS data used to track ship movements is vital for the analysis of vessel performance in areas such as fuel consumption. OrbitMI has therefore collaborated with Maritime Data on a joint project to enhance the screening of AIS data providers so it can deliver the best quality data for clients. Orbit vessel performance platform “We are continuously striving to optimise data inputs for users of our newly upgraded Orbit vessel performance platform to improve business decision-making." "With this goal in mind, we engaged Maritime Data as a trustworthy partner to contribute its specialist expertise in data procurement for the industry,” says OrbitMI’s Chief Marketing Officer David Levy. Assuring the quality of data inputs Maritime Data supports companies in the maritime ecosystem from concept to contract Maritime Data is a UK-based start-up founded in 2022 by Co-Founders Rory Proud and James Littlejohn with a mission to address the difficulties in sourcing, evaluating, and buying maritime data by acting as a specialised intermediary between buyer and supplier. As a data broker, Maritime Data supports companies in the maritime ecosystem from concept to contract. This enables clients to quickly understand all available solutions relevant to their requirements, evaluate comparable options, and contract with their suppliers of choice. All to minimise the effort required and give time back to the people building solutions needed to tackle the industry's biggest challenges. Buying data is made easier. Accurate customer service Backed by more than 15 years of experience in the sector, Maritime Data has built up an extensive partner network of over 50 maritime intelligence suppliers and 200-plus product offerings in areas such as vessel tracking, emissions calculation, seaborne cargo flows, risk and compliance, port activity, trade statistics, weather, and vessel ownership. “The quality of data being inputted into any model, process, or technology will have a meaningful impact on output,” explains Maritime Data’s Co-Founder James Littlejohn. "It is therefore essential for maritime technology companies to meaningfully evaluate all of their data inputs to ensure their solution provides the most accurate service for their customers." Tackling sourcing challenges Real-time data generated by the AIS is considered the X-axis for any evaluation of vessel operations The joint project has focused on tackling the challenges of acquiring the right AIS data arising from discrepancies in datasets offered by various vendors that make assessment and evaluation difficult for data buyers. Real-time data generated by the Automatic Identification System (AIS) is considered the X-axis for any evaluation of vessel operations and is a fundamental data layer for performance monitoring as it shows position, course, and speed, which can be combined with weather data to optimise operations, according to James Littlejohn. However, AIS is extremely data-heavy with hundreds of millions of data points being generated by thousands of vessels across the globe every day, which requires commensurately massive computational resources to ingest and analyse this data. New vendor evaluation protocol Under the joint project, Maritime Data conducted a comparative assessment of four leading AIS data providers using a new, specially developed evaluation protocol to ascertain the quality of their respective offerings based on carefully designed criteria. Maritime Data was able to take samples of a week of AIS data from each of the four providers and measure each dataset against various benchmarks provided by OrbitMI to help determine the coverage, accuracy and frequency of the respective feeds. A segment of these samples was then taken and split out over 80 different geolocations that were visualised as polygons on a map to show geographical coverage. Heavyweight analytics Independent validation of the supplier selection process enabled this to be conducted more quickly James Littlejohn points out that conducting this process of comparison and evaluation with such vast amounts of data would entail a lot of time and resources for a maritime technology firm such as OrbitMI, causing opportunity cost, while it took Maritime Data about a month to complete the analysis and this time is likely to be shortened in future as the process becomes more efficient. He says that independent validation of the supplier selection process enabled this to be conducted more quickly and without bias in favour of any one data vendor. “The outcome of the process was exactly as we expected and piloting this tool with OrbitMI has given us a springboard for further development and application of the selection protocol. This enabled OrbitMI to proceed with a decision on AIS sourcing secure in the knowledge that the data would fulfill the needs of its customers,” James Littlejohn says. Selecting the ideal AIS data provider At the end of the process, OrbitMI selected Lloyd's List Intelligence as its AIS data provider. “Lloyd's List Intelligence has been a long-time and valued partner of ours,” says Ali Riaz, OrbitMI's CEO. “The quality and versatility of their data offerings, assurances of data accuracy, customer service, and commitment to collaboration compared to the other offerings were unbeatable.” This decision aligns with Lloyd's List Intelligence's strategic vision for the industry. A collaborative, connected approach  Tom Richmond, Head of Software & Technology Sales at Lloyd's List Intelligence, elaborates, “Working with innovators like OrbitMI is part of our strategic plan to help the shipping industry move beyond siloed thinking and kick-start a more collaborative, connected approach to integrating seaborne trade in the global supply chain." "We’re happy to support innovation with high-quality products at a price point that stimulates collaboration in the sector.” AIS data quality assurance OrbitMI’s David Levy concludes, “This project demonstrates we are prioritising data quality for our clients by harnessing the power of partnership with a major player." "The AIS data quality assurance process piloted by OrbitMI with Maritime Data will benefit users of the new Orbit platform by ensuring optimised and reliable data inputs covering the global fleet.”

Strengthening trade relations and promoting collaboration between Valenciaport and China. This is the objective with which the Port Authority of València has traveled to China to participate in the 8th edition of the Maritime Silk Road Port International Cooperation Forum 2024, held from June 26 to 28, 2024 in Ningbo (China). The value proposition of the Valencian enclosure as a green, intelligent and innovative HUB of the Mediterranean has been the common thread of the presentation of the PAV in this forum. Advantages of Valenciaport as a strategic port Mar Chao has also described the strategic importance of Valenciaport for the Chinese market During the event, Mar Chao, President of the PAV, had the opportunity to present the competitive advantages of Valenciaport as a strategic port in the center of the Mediterranean (through which 40% of Spanish import/export is channeled) at the service of the business fabric of its area of influence and a link in the logistics chain. Mar Chao has also described the strategic importance of Valenciaport for the Chinese market as a key point of direct connection with Europe that promotes a green growth, market-oriented, with maximum efficiency in services and a complete logistic and multimodal integration. Commercial capacity of Valenciaport During her conference, the President also highlighted the commercial capacity of Valenciaport, with an area of influence of more than 2,000 kilometres that maintains a direct relationship with the main international ports. Cristina Rodríguez, Head of Containers of Valenciaport, accompanies Chao in the forum. Both have held business meetings with Asian companies and institutions, including the new president of the Port of Ningbo, Tao Chengbo. In the framework of this meeting, the representatives of Valenciaport and the Port of Ningbo have signed a memorandum of understanding (MOU) with the aim of strengthening their commercial collaboration. Silk Road Port and Maritime Cooperation Forum The Silk Road Port and Maritime Cooperation Forum of Ningbo (China) in which Valenciaport participates is a platform for open exchange and mutual learning in port development and maritime transport, within the framework of the Belt and Road Initiative. From a respect for the uniqueness of each participating port, the Forum is seen as a tool to foster collaboration in various fields to build bridges between supply and demand in business, investment, technology, talent, information, ports and cultural exchange.

Bennett Marine, a Division of Yamaha Marine Systems Company, needed a solution that integrated solar energy generation and mechanical upgrades to optimise both sustainability and working environment outcomes. However, adding the cooling capacity needed by a large warehouse, and the employees working there, during the long Floridian summers could significantly increase the utility load on the building. Solution Bennett Marine’s management approached its outsourced service provider, ABM. Having successfully completed two lighting upgrades on site, and acting as the current janitorial service provider, ABM took Bennet Marine’s request to its Infrastructure Solutions team. ABM’s Infrastructure Solutions designed an energy-efficient HVAC system supported by a rooftop solar PV array that offset utility costs with renewable energy, leading to a net 58% reduction in total utility usage for the building. ABM also assisted in securing tax credits and energy incentives for the project, as well as a new roof for the facility with additional building envelope improvements. Finding a better solution for the client ABM provides a consultative approach to help clients achieve sustainability goals, enable capital improvements" “Service experts across our company worked together to solve a need and deliver the sustainability solution Bennett Marine needed,” said Mark Hawkinson, President of ABM Technical Solutions. He adds, “ABM provides a consultative approach to help clients achieve sustainability goals, enable capital improvements, improve indoor air quality, address waste and inefficiency, and create a positive impact for communities.” In addition to the new roof, net energy offset, and improved cooling, ABM was able to assist the project in receiving an estimated $226,000 in tax credits and $224,000 in Energy Incentives through the Federal MACRS (Modified Accelerated Cost Recovery System). Benefits ABM’s Infrastructure Solutions enable businesses to invest in critical infrastructure needs and achieve sustainability, security, and resilience goals. A custom energy program drives costs out of operating budgets and redirects savings to critical needs, helping fund improvements. Highlights of the project for the Deerfield, Florida, warehouse include: Projected energy cost savings in the first year of $12,701 Replacement of ageing roof and speed roll doors to reduce energy loss Solar panel installation is capable of offsetting 66% of the building’s utility use

Korea Marine Transport Company Ship Management (KMTC SM) has reported annual fuel savings worth approximately US$540,000 in total after installing Accelleron’s digital engine optimisation solution Tekomar XPERT on 12 Panamax vessels. The fuel savings enabled KMTC SM to reduce its CO2 emissions by about 4,200 tons. Tekomar XPERT delivers engine optimisation recommendations based on thermodynamic insights that aim to bring engines back to the operating performance achieved at “new” conditions. The solution can be applied to any engine and turbocharger make. KMTC SM followed the advisory from Tekomar XPERT, tracked engine performance and benchmarked engines and vessels through Tekomar XPERT’s web portal (Loreka).  Carbon Intensity Indicator (CII) ratings The reduced emissions will translate to better CII ratings and lower exposure to carbon pricing KMTC Ship Management General Manager of Environmental Technology, Jin-Seob Lee, said: “Based on the big savings on fuel cost and emission reduction, we aim to install Tekomar XPERT on our remaining 16 self-managed vessels, and will be recommending its installation on 22 other vessels managed by third parties.” Accelleron anticipates that KMTC’s fuel bill will be reduced by around US$1.3 million a year when Tekomar XPERT is deployed across all 50 vessels. The reduced emissions will translate to better Carbon Intensity Indicator (CII) ratings and lower exposure to carbon pricing, including the EU Emissions Trading System, which will apply to shipping from 2024. KMTC SM’s own measurements KMTC SM was able to track improvements in performance thanks to intuitive indicators and actionable insight from Tekomar XPERT. The reduced fuel consumption at the end of the 12-month period highlighted a significant increase in vessel performance over the year. This was verified by KMTC SM’s own measurements. Accelleron Global Head of Sales & Operations, Shailesh Shirsekar, said: “Efficient engines are one of the keys to reducing fuel costs, emissions and carbon price exposure, enabling optimisation without impact on vessel operation. With simple guidance from Tekomar XPERT, ship operators can ensure that the engines are running at their very best, laying the foundation for lower lifecycle costs as well as regulatory compliance.”

At Scheveningen Harbour in the coastal city of The Hague in the Netherlands, an AI-based video security system from Bosch Building Technologies is now ensuring that every single ship or boat entering or leaving the harbour is logged. The customised solution developed by Bosch together with its partner BrainCreators automatically registers and classifies shipping traffic. Intelligent security solution Until now, employees at the port control centre had to keep an eye on shipping traffic around the clock from the window of the control centre and manually record the 80 or so vessels that pass through the port every day. The city council of The Hague to quickly find a tailor-made solution for the port of Scheveningen  The reason for the investment in the intelligent security solution was the fear that criminals would seek alternative routes via smaller ports such as Scheveningen, now that large Dutch or Belgian ports such as Rotterdam and Antwerp have been more secure against smuggled goods for some time. This was reason enough for the city council of The Hague to quickly find a tailor-made solution for the port of Scheveningen. Challenging task in Scheveningen Special conditions require individual solutions Most boats and ships entering the port of Scheveningen are not required to register and, unlike purely commercial ports such as Rotterdam, the port cannot simply be closed off. In addition to cargo ships, there are also fishing boats and private sailing yachts at anchor, with small dinghies and rowing boats cruising between them. Keeping track of the movement of goods in particular is therefore a challenging task in Scheveningen, where the video security system with intelligent video analysis installed by Bosch provides welcome support. Author's quote The requirements for this project were very specific because the shipping traffic not only had to be filmed" "The requirements for this project were very specific because the shipping traffic not only had to be filmed, but also registered and classified. The solution also had to provide information about the speed of travel," says Niels van Doorn, Senior Manager Solutions & Portfolio at Bosch Building Technologies in the Netherlands. "Standard software can't do that. Together with our partner, we have therefore developed an AI that can identify and classify ships of all kinds–from passenger ships and freighters to sailing yachts and inflatable boats." This data aids in identifying suspicious shipping movements. Flexidome IP starlight 8000i cameras No sooner said than done – and in the shortest possible time Development, planning and implementation only took around 12 months. Two intelligent video cameras at the mouth of the harbour now record the traffic. The specially developed AI classifies the ship types and registers them in a file. Due to the difficult lighting conditions in the port, the Flexidome IP starlight 8000i cameras from Bosch were chosen. They deliver detailed images even in challenging weather and lighting conditions and enable the staff in the control centre to see every detail, even in very bright or dark image sections. Ships that are not seen in real-time by the personnel on duty appear as still images on the screen All boat identifiers are recorded, documented, stored and automatically provided with additional information on date and time, direction of travel and speed around the clock using AI. The streams from the cameras are fed directly into a video management system. Ships that are not seen in real-time by the personnel on duty appear as still images on the screen. By analysing all the data, peak times, ship types, trends and deviations from the norm are determined. New video documentation "The dashboard gives staff an overview of all activities in the port. The software protects the privacy of the people recorded by making their faces unrecognisable. The new video documentation now provides solid evidence and helps to identify suspicious and unusual situations more quickly and effectively," says Ferry Ditewig, Business Development Manager at Bosch Building Technologies in the Netherlands. The video solution is also well equipped for future challenges and can be flexibly expanded as required: for example, additional information from external sources could be integrated, such as meteorological data, tides or the automatic identification system (AIS) for exchanging ship data.

Wärtsilä ANCS, part of technology group - Wärtsilä, has delivered to Seaspan, a marine transportation and shipbuilding company, cutting-edge autonomous SmartDock capabilities to the seas. This delivery marks a significant step towards autonomous docking and undocking operations, making maritime activities safer and more efficient. The SmartDock system developed by Wärtsilä ANCS enables Seaspan to perform autonomous docking manoeuvres even in challenging conditions, where currents reach up to two knots. With its advanced technology, SmartDock guarantees consistent, safe, and predictable docking and undocking manoeuvres every time, reducing the need for intensive interaction from the vessel’s captain. Wärtsilä ANCS's laser sensor Wärtsilä ANCS’s scope of work, which was signed in 2021, has fed the liberated SmartDock system Wärtsilä ANCS’s scope of work, which was signed in 2021, includes providing the autonomous SmartDock system, including track development for autodocking at Tilbury, Duke Point, and Swartz Bay ports in Canada. Notably, the SmartDock system employs an advanced UKF (Unscented Kalman Filter) estimator, combining sensor measurements from various sources, such as GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) and Wärtsilä ANCS's laser sensor Cyscan AS, to calculate precise position and rate estimates of the vessel's motion. Advanced controller allocates thrust and steering commands This data is then compared to a preprogrammed ideal trajectory of the vessel, and the advanced controller allocates thrust and steering commands, ensuring safe and consistent autonomous docking and undocking manoeuvres. The commissioning of the Seaspan Trader cargo vessel has just been completed, with the Seaspan Transporter cargo vessel scheduled to be commissioned in late 2023/early 2024. These vessels, equipped with the SmartDock system, will operate in the waters of British Columbia, Canada. Wärtsilä and Seaspan partnership “Wärtsilä ANCS is excited to continue supporting Seaspan and build on an already strong working relationship. We look forward to the potential implementation of the SmartDock product across some other vessels in Seaspan's ferry fleet, further advancing the automation and efficiency of maritime operations,” commented Klaus Egeberg, Director, Dynamic Positioning, Wärtsilä ANCS. “Seaspan is proud to lead the charge in this technological advancement in vessel manoeuvring. The integration of Wärtsilä ANCS's SmartDock system into Seaspan Trader exemplifies our unwavering commitment to excellence and innovation in maritime operations,” says Alexander Treharne, Integration Engineer, Seaspan.