A new report published by DNV reveals that the majority (61%) of maritime professionals believe the industry should accept increased cyber risk from digitalisation, if it enables innovation and new technologies.
The sector’s appetite to take on emerging risks arising from digital transformation is notably higher than other critical infrastructure industries including energy, manufacturing, and healthcare.
Cybersecurity risk
The industry’s increasing appetite for cyber risk comes at a time when it must manage a growing volume of vulnerabilities.
Seven in 10 (71%) of the almost 500 maritime professionals surveyed by DNV believe their organisations’ industrial assets are more vulnerable to cyber-attacks than ever before, while the same proportion (71%) say the pioneers of their organisations consider cybersecurity to be the greatest risk their business faces.
Digital transformation and decarbonisation
“In the maritime industry, we must match our ambitions for digital transformation and decarbonisation with a steadfast commitment to securing our people, the vessels, and the systems we rely on,” says Knut Ørbeck-Nilssen, CEO of Maritime at DNV.
Knut Ørbeck-Nilssen adds, “Cyber-attacks represent a growing threat to the safety of the maritime industry today. We can innovate, progress, and take a lead in ensuring the resilience of our businesses and societies, but only if we truly manage cyber risk.”
Data analytics, IoT, AI & ML
The entire maritime value chain is increasingly reliant on ever more connected digital technologies
Ship owners, ports, and the entire maritime value chain are increasingly reliant on ever more connected digital technologies, as the industry transforms to become greener, safer, and more efficient.
Maritime professionals point to advanced data analytics, the Internet of Things, AI & machine learning, high-bandwidth satellite communications, and autonomous operations, as presenting the greatest opportunities for their businesses in the coming years.
Challenges with cyberattacks
While interconnectivity and new technologies bring opportunities, they also make the industry more vulnerable to cyber-attacks. Maritime professionals are confident the industry is managing the risk.
More than eight in 10 (83%) say their organisation has a good cyber security posture, and seven in 10 (71%) are confident their organisation would quickly get back to business as normal following a cyber-attack.
Cybersecurity investments
Contributing to this confidence, almost three-quarters of maritime professionals (73%) report that their organisation is increasing cybersecurity spending compared to last year.
A majority say their organisation has prepared against potential outcomes such as asset downtime and disruption to operations, theft of sensitive data, physical injury or loss of life, and a grounded vessel.
False sense of security
53% of those surveyed are confident their organisation can demonstrate full visibility of supply chain vulnerabilities
While industry awareness of cyber risk and cybersecurity investment has grown rapidly, there are signs of a false sense of security within the maritime industry.
Only half (53%) of those surveyed are confident their organisation can demonstrate full visibility of supply chain vulnerabilities, a concern given the recent rise in cyber-attacks targeting supply chains.
Operational technology security
Additionally, 68% believe their organisation’s IT security is stronger than its operational technology (OT) security – which is linked to physical assets like sensors, and programmable logic controllers (PLC), and enables automation, safety, and navigation systems.
Some 76% say that the cyber security training that their organisation provides is not advanced enough to protect against sophisticated threats.
Protecting IT and OT
“Organisations may feel they are prepared as more resources are being deployed to manage cyber risk, but the reality is more complex than that,” says Svante Einarsson, Head of Maritime Cybersecurity at DNV Cyber.
Svante Einarsson adds, “Businesses have a sophisticated adversary to contend with, which complicates the picture significantly. We need to protect both IT and OT and be ready to respond should an attack be successful.”
Rise in ransomware attacks
79% of maritime professionals are concerned about profit potential from ransomware attacks
Concerns are heightened among maritime professionals due to geopolitical tensions but also because of growing criminal activity.
One notable trend is the increase in concern related to criminal gangs that have identified the huge profit potential from ransomware attacks: 79% of maritime professionals are concerned about this risk vector, up from 56% in 2023.
DNV’s new report Maritime Cyber Priority 2024/25
Managing Cyber Risk to Enable Innovation, identifies four key challenges for the sector:
- Ensure access to experienced resources that know how to build and implement cybersecurity resilience in the design of new systems and vessels.
- Enhance detection and response capabilities to minimise the consequences of marine operational technology (OT) systems.
- Assign clear roles, responsibilities, and resources to handle OT cyber security continuously onboard and onshore.
- Secure the many interdependencies and components in complex supply chains The vast majority of maritime professionals (95%) call for more collaboration on cybersecurity among organisations within critical infrastructure industries.
“The maritime industry and other critical infrastructure sectors need to take big steps forward in openly sharing cyber security experiences – the good, the bad, and the ugly – to collectively create security best practice guidance,” says Svante Einarsson.